Soil tillage modifi es weed seedling emergence by acting on the vertical seed distribution in the soil profi le. Seed burial depth has the potential to change quantitatively and qualitatively weed emergence. Sonchus oleraceus is a dominant weed increasing in prevalence in conservation tillage managed fi elds. It seems that reduced tillage creates optimal conditions for its establishment over the years. To better understand the emergence pattern of this species for management decisions, an experiment was conducted to study the response in terms of emergence magnitude and dynamics to diff erent soil tillage systems in northeast Italy. The research consisted in comparing weed emergence patterns in tilled and no-tilled systems in bare soil (under simulated conditions), and in fi eld with maize and soybean. In bare soil, two treatments were performed to simulate conditions in arable (seeds buried in the soil and mixed in 5 cm–deep soil) and no-till managements (seeds on soil surface without disturbance). Emerged seedlings were counted and removed weekly from spring till August. Moreover, fi eld experiments were conducted in 2011 in maize and 2013 in soybean. In each year, two fi elds were monitored, a conventionally tilled fi eld (autumn mouldboard ploughing and spring harrowing) and a conservation tillage fi eld (sod seeding with the previous crop residues on the soil surface). Emergence was sampled weekly by destructive counts in 11 fi xed 0.3x0.3 m2 quadrats per fi eld. From comparison of the emergence patterns in conventional and conservation system, no diff erence was observed in dynamics expressed as percentage both in bare soil and in the two crops, even if density was diff erent between tillage systems in particular in maize: 8 plants/m2 in conventional and 152 plants/m2 in no-tilled system. These fi ndings are important for a future emergence modelling for this species, the same algorithm can be used both in tilled and no-tilled system.
Is emergence pattern of Sonchus oleraceous affected by soil tillage system? A study conducted on bare soil, maize and soybean.
MASIN, ROBERTA;LODDO, DONATO;GASPARINI, VALENTINA;ZANIN, GIUSEPPE
2016
Abstract
Soil tillage modifi es weed seedling emergence by acting on the vertical seed distribution in the soil profi le. Seed burial depth has the potential to change quantitatively and qualitatively weed emergence. Sonchus oleraceus is a dominant weed increasing in prevalence in conservation tillage managed fi elds. It seems that reduced tillage creates optimal conditions for its establishment over the years. To better understand the emergence pattern of this species for management decisions, an experiment was conducted to study the response in terms of emergence magnitude and dynamics to diff erent soil tillage systems in northeast Italy. The research consisted in comparing weed emergence patterns in tilled and no-tilled systems in bare soil (under simulated conditions), and in fi eld with maize and soybean. In bare soil, two treatments were performed to simulate conditions in arable (seeds buried in the soil and mixed in 5 cm–deep soil) and no-till managements (seeds on soil surface without disturbance). Emerged seedlings were counted and removed weekly from spring till August. Moreover, fi eld experiments were conducted in 2011 in maize and 2013 in soybean. In each year, two fi elds were monitored, a conventionally tilled fi eld (autumn mouldboard ploughing and spring harrowing) and a conservation tillage fi eld (sod seeding with the previous crop residues on the soil surface). Emergence was sampled weekly by destructive counts in 11 fi xed 0.3x0.3 m2 quadrats per fi eld. From comparison of the emergence patterns in conventional and conservation system, no diff erence was observed in dynamics expressed as percentage both in bare soil and in the two crops, even if density was diff erent between tillage systems in particular in maize: 8 plants/m2 in conventional and 152 plants/m2 in no-tilled system. These fi ndings are important for a future emergence modelling for this species, the same algorithm can be used both in tilled and no-tilled system.
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