When Therapists Do Not Know What to Do: Informal Types of Eclecticism in Psychotherapy

Eclecticism usually arises from the perception of one’s own theoretical model as being inadequate, which may be the case in situations of therapeutic stalemate. In need of new strategies, therapists criticize their own approach and take eclectic knowledge onboard. The goal of this qualitative study is to explore basic elements of this informal knowledge, with reference to the theory of social representations and points of view. Episodic interviews were conducted with 40 therapists. Results confirmed that clinical knowledge often turns eclectic, showing different styles of reorganization; a so- cial co-evolution model will be pointed out to explain this personalization of one’s own approach. The results achieved might contribute to the amelioration of the therapeutic awareness of one’s own knowledge structure and the use of eclecticism in carrying out therapies, leading to significant benefit in treatment effectiveness.