Tecniche micrometeorologiche per quantificare i flussi di energia, carbonio ed acqua in ecosistemi arborei

Although not widely used in horticultural research, micrometeorological techniques are very useful tools to study energy, water vapour and carbon dioxide fluxes above vegetation. Compared to the more common, cuvette-based methods, a distinctive feature of these techniques is that they do not alter plant microenvironment at all. Thus, they are suitable for long-term monitoring of vegetation-atmosphere interactions, without affecting the radiation regime, ventilation, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide experienced by the plants. Additionally, they provide a quantitative measurement of key physiological processes, that is intrinsically properly scaled to the plot, averaging single leaves and plants into a common canopy flux. These techniques, developed over a long timespan, rely on solid physical basis, directly related to the conservation laws. However, they are still technically demanding, requiring special attention during maintenance and data processing. The most critical point, however, is related to the necessary features of the experimental plot, which must be homogeneous, large, and flat. There requirements may make their application difficult, especially in the context of orchards. Nonetheless, they could provide essential information on biogeochemical fluxes pertaining to managed vegetation.