Progress towards tubes with regular nanopatterned inner surfaces

The repair of vascular tubing is an important task in tissue engineering. The behavior of cells is strongly influenced by the topology of the surfaces, on both a micrometric and a nanometric scale, in their vicinity. Thus the authors wish to make tubes that are patterned on the inner surface. One way to do this is to use the good depth of focus capabilities of x-ray exposure to print an array of dots, 200 nm diameter and 400 nm pitch, onto a curved surface coated in resist. A die made from this structure allows nanoembossing into a biodegradable polymer. A closed vessel can then be made by adding a lid, that also has a similar nanopatterned surface. Details of the accuracy of transfer are given, It is concluded that x-ray printing is a suitable approach for the formation of internally patterned tubing.