When quantization is performed, the photon Lagrangian needs a gauge-fixing term which breaks conformal (Weyl) invariance. This is shown to imply in a Friedmann (conformally flat) space-time the creation of unphysical, unobservable particles lying in zero-norm states: no transevrse photons are created. The case of a massive vector field for which also physical particles are produced is finally discussed and in both cases we show the structure of the space of states in the Kugo-Ojima formalism.
Covariant-Gauge Formalism for Photons in Friedmann Space-Time
MARCHETTI, PIERALBERTO;MATARRESE, SABINO
1981
Abstract
When quantization is performed, the photon Lagrangian needs a gauge-fixing term which breaks conformal (Weyl) invariance. This is shown to imply in a Friedmann (conformally flat) space-time the creation of unphysical, unobservable particles lying in zero-norm states: no transevrse photons are created. The case of a massive vector field for which also physical particles are produced is finally discussed and in both cases we show the structure of the space of states in the Kugo-Ojima formalism.
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