Détente in Cold War Europe. Politics and Diplomacy in the Mediterranean and the Middle East

Contents Introduction 1 Elena Calandri, Daniele Caviglia, Antonio Varsori Part 1 The Mediterranean(s) in the Global Balance 13 1 Fault Lines in the Post-War Mediterranean and the ‘Birth of Southern Europe’, 1945–1979: An Overview 15 Effie G.H. Pedaliu 2 The United States, the EEC and the Mediterranean: Rivalry or Complementarity? 33 Elena Calandri 3 Re-Discovering the Mediterranean: First Tests of Coordination among the Nine 49 Guia Migani 4 Sea and Détente in Helsinki: The Mediterranean Stake of the CSCE, 1972–1975 61 Nicolas Badalassi 5 Regional Détente or a New International Order? The Italian Communist Party, Non-Aligned Leaders and the Mediterranean, 1964–1980 75 Marco Galeazzi vi Détente in Cold War Europe 6 A Window of Opportunity? Eurocommunism(s) and Détente 89 Valentine Lomellini Part 2 War and Diplomacy in the Middle East 103 7 The American–Israeli ‘Special Relationship’ in the Nixon–Kissinger Years 105 Antonio Donno 8 ‘The Gods of War were Inspecting their Armaments’: The United States and the 1970 Jordan Crisis 117 Daniele De Luca 9 The Middle Eastern Test of Détente: The Direct Role of the USSR in the Yom Kippur War, 1973 125 Isabella Ginor and Gideon Remez 10 Conflict and Détente in the Eastern Mediterranean: From the Yom Kippur War to the Cyprus Crisis, October 1973–August 1974 141 John Sakkas 11 The Post-Cold War Legacies of US Realism: The 1974 Cyprus Crisis in Perspective 155 Jan Asmussen 12 The Fact-finding Missions of the Socialist International in the Middle East, 1974–1976 171 Oliver Rathkolb Contents vii Part 3 Regional Actors and Dynamics from Détente to the Second Cold War 193 13 France, the European Community and the Maghreb, 1963–1976: From Inertia to Key Player 195 Houda Ben Hamouda 14 T urkish Anti-Westernism: Restaging the Euro- Mediterranean World in the Era of Détente 207 Mehmet Dosemeci 15 The Distant Neighbours: The Cooperation Agreements between the EEC and the Mashreq, 1977 221 Massimiliano Trentin 16 Gaddafi’s Libya: From Uncertain Alignment with the USSR to Support for Arab Terrorist Movements in the Mediterranean, 1974–1986 233 Massimiliano Cricco Notes 241 Index 287